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<title>Alicia Alcaide</title>
<link>https://www.alicialcaide.com/blog/</link>
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<description>Senior Data Analyst · AI Enthusiast · University Lecturer</description>
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<item>
  <title>5 things I wish I had known before entering the data world</title>
  <link>https://www.alicialcaide.com/blog/posts/what-i-wish-i-knew-about-data.html</link>
  <description><![CDATA[ 




<p>When I started my career, data was something that happened in spreadsheets. Then, gradually, it started happening everywhere — in databases, in dashboards, in pipelines I had no idea how to debug at 11pm.</p>
<p>Here are five things I wish someone had told me earlier.</p>
<section id="sql-will-outlive-every-trend" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="sql-will-outlive-every-trend">1. SQL will outlive every trend</h2>
<p>I’ve seen tools come and go. But SQL? SQL is still there, quietly running everything. If I could go back and tell my 22-year-old self one thing: learn SQL <em>properly</em>. Not just <code>SELECT *</code>, but window functions, CTEs, query optimisation.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="sourceCode sql code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode sql"><span id="cb1-1"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-- Example: year-over-year growth with a window function</span></span>
<span id="cb1-2"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">SELECT</span></span>
<span id="cb1-3">    date_trunc(<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'month'</span>, order_date) <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">AS</span> <span class="dt" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">month</span>,</span>
<span id="cb1-4">    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">SUM</span>(revenue)                    <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">AS</span> revenue,</span>
<span id="cb1-5">    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">LAG</span>(<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">SUM</span>(revenue), <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>) <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">OVER</span> (<span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">ORDER</span> <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">BY</span> date_trunc(<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'month'</span>, order_date))</span>
<span id="cb1-6">        <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">AS</span> revenue_prior_year,</span>
<span id="cb1-7">    <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">ROUND</span>(</span>
<span id="cb1-8">        <span class="fl" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100.0</span> <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span> (<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">SUM</span>(revenue) <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">-</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">LAG</span>(<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">SUM</span>(revenue), <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>) <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">OVER</span> (</span>
<span id="cb1-9">            <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">ORDER</span> <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">BY</span> date_trunc(<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'month'</span>, order_date)</span>
<span id="cb1-10">        )) <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span> <span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">NULLIF</span>(<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">LAG</span>(<span class="fu" style="color: #4758AB;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">SUM</span>(revenue), <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">12</span>) <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">OVER</span> (</span>
<span id="cb1-11">            <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">ORDER</span> <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">BY</span> date_trunc(<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">'month'</span>, order_date)</span>
<span id="cb1-12">        ), <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>), <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span></span>
<span id="cb1-13">    ) <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">AS</span> yoy_growth_pct</span>
<span id="cb1-14"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">FROM</span> orders</span>
<span id="cb1-15"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">GROUP</span> <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">BY</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span></span>
<span id="cb1-16"><span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">ORDER</span> <span class="kw" style="color: #003B4F;
background-color: null;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: inherit;">BY</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>;</span></code></pre></div>
<p>It’s not glamorous. But it’s foundational.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-question-matters-more-than-the-answer" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="the-question-matters-more-than-the-answer">2. The question matters more than the answer</h2>
<p>Junior analysts spend a lot of energy answering questions. Senior analysts spend a lot of energy figuring out whether they’re answering the <em>right</em> question.</p>
<p>I’ve built beautiful dashboards that nobody used because they answered the wrong thing. The best data work starts before you open a notebook.</p>
</section>
<section id="a-taste-of-what-python-unlocks" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="a-taste-of-what-python-unlocks">3. A taste of what Python unlocks</h2>
<p>One of the things that changed my workflow the most was learning to do data exploration in Python. Here’s a simple example — loading a dataset and getting meaningful stats in just a few lines:</p>
<div id="19313e6c" class="cell" data-execution_count="1">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb2-1"><span class="im" style="color: #00769E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">import</span> pandas <span class="im" style="color: #00769E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">as</span> pd</span>
<span id="cb2-2"></span>
<span id="cb2-3"><span class="co" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;"># Simulated analyst workload data</span></span>
<span id="cb2-4">data <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> {</span>
<span id="cb2-5">    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"task"</span>: [<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Dashboard maintenance"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Ad-hoc requests"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Data cleaning"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb2-6">             <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Analysis &amp; insights"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Meetings &amp; reporting"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Learning / exploration"</span>],</span>
<span id="cb2-7">    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"hours_per_week"</span>: [<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">6</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">9</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">7</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">8</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>],</span>
<span id="cb2-8">    <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"value_rating"</span>: [<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">3</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">4</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">2</span>, <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">5</span>],</span>
<span id="cb2-9">}</span>
<span id="cb2-10"></span>
<span id="cb2-11">df <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> pd.DataFrame(data).sort_values(<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"value_rating"</span>, ascending<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">False</span>)</span>
<span id="cb2-12">df[<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pct_of_week"</span>] <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> (df[<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"hours_per_week"</span>] <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">/</span> df[<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"hours_per_week"</span>].<span class="bu" style="color: null;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">sum</span>() <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">*</span> <span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">100</span>).<span class="bu" style="color: null;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">round</span>(<span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">1</span>)</span>
<span id="cb2-13"></span>
<span id="cb2-14"><span class="bu" style="color: null;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">print</span>(df[[<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"task"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"hours_per_week"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"pct_of_week"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"value_rating"</span>]].to_string(index<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">False</span>))</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>                  task  hours_per_week  pct_of_week  value_rating
   Analysis &amp; insights               5         13.2             5
Learning / exploration               3          7.9             5
       Ad-hoc requests               9         23.7             4
 Dashboard maintenance               6         15.8             3
         Data cleaning               7         18.4             2
  Meetings &amp; reporting               8         21.1             2</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>And now a quick chart — the kind of thing you’d share with a stakeholder:</p>
<div id="db18b60e" class="cell" data-execution_count="2">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4" style="background: #f1f3f5;"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb4-1"><span class="im" style="color: #00769E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">import</span> plotly.express <span class="im" style="color: #00769E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">as</span> px</span>
<span id="cb4-2"></span>
<span id="cb4-3">fig <span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span> px.bar(</span>
<span id="cb4-4">    df,</span>
<span id="cb4-5">    x<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"task"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-6">    y<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"hours_per_week"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-7">    color<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"value_rating"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-8">    color_continuous_scale<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span>[<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#bfdbfe"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"#2563eb"</span>],</span>
<span id="cb4-9">    labels<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span>{<span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"task"</span>: <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">""</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"hours_per_week"</span>: <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Hours / week"</span>, <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"value_rating"</span>: <span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Value (1–5)"</span>},</span>
<span id="cb4-10">    title<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Where does analyst time actually go?"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-11">)</span>
<span id="cb4-12"></span>
<span id="cb4-13">fig.update_layout(</span>
<span id="cb4-14">    plot_bgcolor<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-15">    paper_bgcolor<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"white"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-16">    font_family<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Inter, sans-serif"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-17">    title_font_size<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">15</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-18">    coloraxis_colorbar_title<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="st" style="color: #20794D;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">"Value"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-19">    xaxis_tickangle<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=-</span><span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">25</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-20">    showlegend<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="va" style="color: #111111;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">False</span>,</span>
<span id="cb4-21">    margin<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="bu" style="color: null;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">dict</span>(t<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">50</span>, b<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">10</span>, l<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>, r<span class="op" style="color: #5E5E5E;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">=</span><span class="dv" style="color: #AD0000;
background-color: null;
font-style: inherit;">0</span>),</span>
<span id="cb4-22">)</span>
<span id="cb4-23"></span>
<span id="cb4-24">fig.show()</span></code></pre></div>
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<p>The uncomfortable truth: most analyst time goes to low-value tasks. That’s not a people problem — it’s a systems problem.</p>
</section>
<section id="domain-knowledge-is-your-superpower" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="domain-knowledge-is-your-superpower">4. Domain knowledge is your superpower</h2>
<p>The best data analyst I’ve ever worked with wasn’t the best coder. They were the person who understood the <em>business</em> better than anyone else in the room. Data without context is just numbers. Domain knowledge is what turns it into insight.</p>
</section>
<section id="burnout-hides-as-productivity" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="burnout-hides-as-productivity">5. Burnout hides as productivity</h2>
<p>The data world rewards people who go deep, who say yes to every request, who run one more model, build one more report. But sustainability matters. You can’t do good analytical work when you’re running on empty.</p>
<p>Protect your energy like you protect your data — carefully, intentionally, and with backups.</p>
<hr>
<p><em>This is the first post on my site. I’ll be writing here about data, analytics, and the messy, interesting reality of working with information at scale.</em></p>


</section>

 ]]></description>
  <category>career</category>
  <category>analytics</category>
  <category>reflections</category>
  <guid>https://www.alicialcaide.com/blog/posts/what-i-wish-i-knew-about-data.html</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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